Ion-exchange Softening

What is the Ion-Exchange Softening?

Hardness in the water because the existing of the ions (calcium, magnesium, manganese or ferrous iron) Ion exchanging is the replacing the hardness ions by the ions (sodium, hydrogen or potassium)This exchanging called softening


How it works

The water to be treated passes through a bed of the resin. Negatively-charged resins absorb and bind metal ions, which are positively charged. The resins initially contain univalent(single positive charge) hydrogen, sodium or potassium ions, which exchange with divalent(double positive charge) calcium and magnesium ions in the water. As the water passes through the resin column, the hardness ions replace the hydrogen, sodium or potassium ions which are released into the water


Regeneration

As these resins become loaded with undesirable cations and anions they gradually lose their effectiveness and must be regenerated. If a cationic resin is used (to remove calcium and magnesium ions) then regeneration is usually effected by passing a concentrated brine, usually of sodium chloride or potassium chloride, or hydrochloric acid solution through them.

Regeneration refresh the condition of the resin as new and make it ready for softening process


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